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Operation Reinhard or Operation Reinhardt ((ドイツ語:Aktion Reinhard ''or'' Aktion Reinhardt ''also'' Einsatz Reinhard ''or'' Einsatz Reinhardt)) was the codename given to the secretive Nazi plan to mass-murder most Polish Jews in the General Government district of occupied Poland, during World War II. The operation marked the deadliest phase of the Holocaust with the introduction of extermination camps.〔 As many as two million people, almost all of them Jews, were sent to Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka, extermination camps set up specifically for Operation Reinhard, to be put to death in gas chambers built for that purpose.〔 In addition, mass killing facilities using Zyklon B were developed at about the same time within the Majdanek concentration camp, and at Auschwitz II-Birkenau near the existing Auschwitz I camp for Polish prisoners.〔 〕 ==Background== The first concentration camps in Nazi Germany were established in 1933 as soon as the National Socialist regime developed. They were used for coercion, forced labour, and imprisonment, not for mass murder. The camp system expanded dramatically with the onset of the Second World War, in 1939. The new network of Nazi concentration camps built by SS in Germany, Austria, Poland, and elsewhere in Europe began exploiting foreign captives in war industry. The prisoners locked into forced labour began dying by the tens of thousands from starvation and untreated disease, or summary executions meant to inflict terror as at Soldau concentration camp,〔Marek Przybyszewski, (IBH Opracowania - Działdowo jako centrum administracyjne ziemi sasińskiej (Działdowo as centre of local administration). ) Internet Archive, 22 October 2010.〕 or Stutthof, with 40 sub-camps set up contingently for maximum profit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland ) ''Source:'' "Atlas of the Holocaust" by Martin Gilbert (1982). (【引用サイトリンク】title=Stutthof: History & Overview ) With archival photos.〕 Some of the most notorious slave labour camps included Mauthausen, Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, Gross-Rosen (with 100 subcamps), Ravensbrück (70 subcamps), and Auschwitz (with 44 subcamps eventually),〔 among other locations.〔Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (2014), ( Podobozy KL Auschwitz (Subcamps of KL Auschwitz) ). Retrieved 6 October 2014.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany )〕 The Nazis had decided to undertake the European-wide Final Solution to the Jewish Question in January 1942 during a secret meeting of German leaders called by ''Obergruppenführer'' Reinhard Heydrich. The newly drafted Operation Reinhard would be a major step in the systematic liquidation of the Jews in occupied Europe, beginning with those in the General Government. Within months, three top-secret camps (at Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka) were built solely to efficiently kill thousands of people each day. These camps differed from the likes of Auschwitz and Majdanek, because the latter operated as forced-labour camps initially, before they became death camps fitted with crematoria. The organizational apparatus behind the new extermination plan had been put to the test already during the euthanasia ''Aktion'' T4 programme ending in August 1941, which resulted in the murders of more than 70,000 German handicapped men, women, and children. The ''SS'' officers responsible for the ''Aktion'' T4, including Christian Wirth, Franz Stangl, and Irmfried Eberl, were all given key roles in the implementation of the "Final Solution" in 1942. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operation Reinhard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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